The Difference Between Un- and Dis-

The Difference Between Un-and Dis- The Difference Between Un-and Dis- The Difference Between Un-and Dis- By Maeve Maddox A peruser gets some information about contrasts between the prefixes un-and dis-. The inquiry isn't anything but difficult to address. The prefix un-has been in the language longer than dis-. The Old English prefix on-(presently spelled un-) was added to action words to demonstrated an inversion of the activity: wind/loosen up tie/unbind overlay/unfurl do/fix This prefix has stayed alive, giving us such action word contrary energies as: secure/detach clasp/unfasten spread/reveal wrap/open up Early English additionally had the prefix of refutation un-that was added to descriptors, for example, unborn and unburied. We keep on shaping negative descriptive words along these lines: miserable obscure undesirable inaccessible flighty uncool unputdownable Dis-came into English during the Middle English time frame, alongside numerous Latin and French words. The prefix dis-is identified with bis, (two), and can be utilized in the feeling of detachment: separate handicap Over the span of hundreds of years, qualifications among un-and dis-have obscured. Some of the time the prefixes are exchangeable. Now and then not. At times an apparent contrast may exist just in the brain of the individual English speaker. Numerous speakers recognize disordered and sloppy. Confused applies to the kind of individual who stuffs receipts into the sock cabinet and can never discover the vehicle keys. Chaotic applies to things which have not yet been masterminded in a composed way. By this thinking, an individual would be disordered, yet an office would be sloppy. At once, disquiet and ailment (first syllable pushed) could be utilized reciprocally with the significance condition of nervousness. Presently sickness (second syllable focused) has assumed the significance of ailment. Irate contentions are pursued over the separated implications of uninterest and lack of engagement. The contention is that uninterested ought to be utilized with the feeling of aloof, ailing in intrigue, while unbiased ought to be utilized just when the proposed significance is fair-minded. Some contend against the qualification on verifiable grounds, yet the apparent distinction in present day utilization is a valuable one. With regards to language, the individuals who esteem rationale to the exclusion of everything else are simply requesting raised circulatory strain. For instance, the thing discontent is coordinated with the descriptive word disappointed, yet the modifier that relates to the thing distress is awkward. Pretty much every one of the one can securely say about the utilization of the prefixes un-and dis-is that their right use is frequently a matter of figure of speech. The most ideal approach to ace them is to peruse, tune in, and look into faulty structures in a dependable word reference. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:When to use on and when to utilize inList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Wuthering Heights A monologue from the novel by Emily Bronte Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights A monolog from the novel by Emily Bronte Essay A monolog from the novel by Emily Bronte NOTE: This monolog is republished from Wuthering Heights. Emily Bronte. New York: Harper Brothers, 1848. HEATHCLIFF: She relinquished them under a hallucination, imagining in me a legend of sentiment, and anticipating boundless guilty pleasures from my gallant commitment. I can barely respect her in the light of a judicious animal, so unshakably has she continued shaping a spectacular thought of my character and following up on the bogus impressions she appreciated. Yet, finally, I think she starts to know me: I don see the senseless grins and scowls that incited me from the outset; and the silly lack of ability of observing that I was decisively when I offered her my input of her captivation and herself. It was a heavenly exertion of perspicacity to find that I didn't cherish her. I accepted, at once, no exercises could instruct her that! But it is inadequately learnt; for toward the beginning of today she reported, as a bit of shocking insight, that I had really prevailing with regards to making her despise me! A positive work of Hercules, I guarantee you! In the event that it be acc omplished, I have cause to bring thanks back. Would i be able to confide in your attestation, Isabella? It is safe to say that you are certain you detest me? We will compose a custom article on Wuthering Heights A monolog from the novel by Emily Bronte explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now On the off chance that I let only you for a large portion of a day, won you come moaning and cajoling to me once more? I daresay she would prefer I had appeared to be all delicacy before you: it wounds her vanity to have reality uncovered. In any case, I don care who realizes that the enthusiasm was completely on one side: and I never lied about it. She can't blame me for giving the slightest bit of tricky delicateness. The principal thing she saw me do, on coming out of the Grange, was to hang up her little pooch; and when she argued for it, the primary words I expressed were a desire that I had the hanging of each being having a place with her, aside from one: perhaps she took that special case for herself. However, no ruthlessness disturbed her: I guess she has an inborn deference of it, if just her valuable individual were secure from injury! Presently, was it not the profundity of preposterousness of certified incompetence, for that desolate, submissive, mean-disapproved brach to dream that I could adore her? Tell your lord, Nelly, that I never, in for my entire life, met with such a miserable thing as she may be. She even disrespects the name of Linton; and Ive once in a while yielded, from unadulterated absence of development, in my examinations on what she could suffer, and still jerk despicably flinching back! In any case, let him know, additionally, to make his congenial and authoritative heart feel relaxed: that I keep carefully inside the restrictions of the law. I have maintained a strategic distance from, up to this period, giving her the scarcest option to guarantee a partition; and, whats more, shed thank no one for isolating us. On the off chance that she wanted to go, she may: the disturbance of her essence exceeds the satisfaction to be gotten from tormenting her!

The Goldilocks Class Size Conundrum

The Goldilocks Class Size Conundrum At a large university, there are certain expectations on class size and the general academic experience. Students generally take larger, lecture-style classes their freshman and sophomore year followed by smaller, more specialized classes as upperclassmen. While I’ve found this to be mostly true, there are plenty of instances where the average freshman can find their way into a small (under 30) classroom and an average senior into a large lecture hall for class. In any given semester, it has been my experience that having a mix is beneficial and keeps me engaged more than a monogamous class-size schedule. I’ve found this mix to be advantageous for a couple of reasons. While I enjoy the consistency that a lecture class brings, it can often be harder to sustain focus over the course of a semester. This occurs because there is often a lack of direct interaction between student and professor. While lecture classes are often accompanied by a discussion section, it can be difficult to get meaningful time with a professor outside of office hours. Lincoln Hall, where Ive taken a few lecture-style classes. At the same time, a smaller class offers different assignments and responsibilities than a lecture-style class. I’ve found more group projects, papers, and quizzes in smaller classes. This leads to more accountability within each class period and more direct interaction with the professor. I enjoy this style because it’s similar to the types of classes that I took in high school, and frankly, I am more comfortable with it. A mix of both lecture and smaller classes can truly give you the best of both worlds. By doing this, you can expect a combination of projects, quizzes, and larger exams that allow for variety in your studying and preparations for classes. This style of schedule tends to keep me excited about the school work I do on a daily basis and leads to better grades. Please leave any questions you have in the comment section. Talk soon. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Essay on My Adolescence and My Cognitive Development

When I was adolescent, I was strongly influenced by my cognitive development, experiences and people around me. First, I experienced typical psychological reactions which adolescences are likely to have: I had a lot of experiments; I had imaginably audience; and I experienced identity crisis. I was a person who had a lot of experiments. Because I was a late bloomer, I was not as feminine as other girls. However, I thought that I should behave more feminine to be an adult. Therefore, I suddenly changed my behaviors. For examples, I changed the way to talk and wear: I used the woman like way to talk and wore very feminine clothes. These experiments often surprised and confused people around me. Naturally, these changes did not last†¦show more content†¦Also, I understood the importance of English since I could not communicate well for my lack experience to use it. After I came back, I started to think stability and money are not only factors to decide what career I take. I came to think a job which â€Å"I† regard worthy to do is the one I should do. In my case, it is an English teacher. I decided to be a high school English teacher who can teach practical English even though it was hard to change the major I would take in a university because I belonged to the class for entrance exams for science courses. Third, my parents’ parenting style influenced strongly what I am now. They had democratic parenting style. Therefore, I could discuss with my parents even something which they did not want me to do. Also, they set some reasonable rules which I should follow, and whenever they made rules they explained me why they made such rules. They advised me when I was depressed; however, they have never forced me what to do. Throughout my experience with my parents, I could understand the importance of independence and taking responsibility of my choice. Also, because they did not force their opinions, I could develop my own ident ity without many conflicts. Lastly, since I entered this university, I have developed my religious development level into post-conventional. Because I have lived in a dorm for international students as RA, I can meet people who have different ideas about their religion. For examples, someShow MoreRelatedDevelop1294 Words   |  6 PagesName: Tutor: Task: Date: Developmental psychology Infancy and Childhood Physical development During early childhood stage, infants begin to drop their roundish baby like display. Their bones grow more proportionate with the lengthening of their legs and arms. They start to obtain fine motor skills. The newfound skills enable them to grip a pencil in a more functional way. This is a good time to provide them with puzzles and blocks, as well as to supervise them while they use paper and scissorsRead MoreCurrent Perspectives Of Psychology And Human Development Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION This Individual Development Narrative discusses various factors relating to theories of lifespan development from birth through to my adolescent stage. This includes looking at the understanding and major theoretical perspectives of psychology and human development, its process and the influences of domains on human development across the lifespan and how they interrelate. The domains of development including Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Socio-cultural /or moral. Also some ofRead MoreEffects Of Adolescent Addiction On Adolescence And Local And The United States News About Adolescence Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAddictions in Adolescence. Wong, Hall, Justice, and Hernandez, 2015) state that adolescence distinctly determined by the beginning of puberty. The professional also allude that early onset of puberty is most likely to partaken in dangerous activities such as multiple sex partners, alcohol dependence, and inappropriate adaptive styles. In this essay, I will discuss my finding of current contributions and treatments of adolescent addictions, the likelihood of spiritual development on adolescence and localRead MoreMy Life Span Development Class1372 Words   |  6 Pagesobserve my younger brother, Nathan, who just turned 15 years old. I observed him while I was at home for spring break for my Life-Span Development class that I am taking at Dordt College. Before I observed my younger brother, I followed the proper procedure of asking for consent from his mother and having her sign a confidentiality statement. I had the pleasure of using my younger adolescent brother for this report and I was able observe him while he is in this adolescent stage of development. I completedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1100 Words   |  5 Pages Piaget s theory of cognitive development, that he developed in 1936, explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world (McLeod). He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment (McLeod). â€Å"What Piaget wanted to do was not to measure how well children could spell or solve problems, but was more interested in was the way in which conceptsRead MoreHow Development Is The Methodical Changes And Continuities Within The Individual That Occur Between Conception And Death1470 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment is the methodical changes and continuities in an individual that occur between conception and death (Sigelman, Rider De George-Walker, 2013). There are seven domains of development: physical/biological, psychosocial, cognitive/learning, social, emotional, behavioural and moral/spiritual (AIHW, 2011). Development of these domains occurs in stages, where each stage gives rise to behaviour that is suitable for that stage (Schmidt Neven, 2010). These foreseeable changes are known as milestonesRead MoreEssay about Lifespan Development and Eriksons Stages of Development1644 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan development is essential, as it is the changes that happen to us throughout a person’s lifespan. Our development occurs at ages stages where we develop from infancy till death. This essay will contain my life story to display the domains in 5 age stages in my lifespan development. The domains I will be exploring is in this essay is physical, emotional, cognitive, social, cultural and moral domain. The influence of biological and environmental play a significant role in my development. DevelopmentRead MoreHuman Development And The Lifespan Theory1246 Words   |  5 PagesWhile growing up my family impacted my beh avior and human develop based on the major domains of the Human Development and the Lifespan Theory. The major domains of the human developments are Physical/Biological System, Cognitive System, Emotional System, and Social Systems. Each domain s focus on things which shapes an individual life. Physical/biological system domain focuses on the genetical foundation of a person. For example, the changes in body weight or appearance; however, this could affectRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 Pagesexpanded on Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. The ego was taken from Freud’s theory. Erikson added three stages to Freud’s psychosexual theory. His theory has a total of eight major stagesRead MoreAspects Of An 18 Year Old s Development1154 Words   |  5 PagesAspects of an 18-year-old’s Development The development of a person is composed of all the biological and environmental processes that make that person who he is. From personality to cognitive maturity, every aspect of his development influences who he becomes. Psychologists such as Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson have attempted to explain different facets of the cognitive development of humans in stages. However, this may not as clearly demonstrate cognitive development as personal experiences and

Rhetorical Analysis Of Here s Why Suspensions Won Not...

Rhetorical Strategies in â€Å"Here s Why Suspensions Won t Deter PED Users Like Maria Sharapova† The use of PED (performance-enhancing drugs) is always a popular topic especially since the Olympic game passed by. Author Zach Petersel’s article: Here s Why Suspensions Won t Deter PED Users Like Maria Sharapova claims that punishment for taking PED is incremental, while the benefits are exponential. After carefully reading the article, I think the article would be great to be printed in the Shorthorn of the University of Arlington. First of all, Zach made a clear and strong claim. He also builds his credibility by using one of the most famous cases that happened on the famous athletics to make the article, and he addresses an issue that lots of the college student will be interest in. In the article, the author, Zach claims that suspensions will not deter PED users like Maria Sharapova. Zach reasons that although the highest-paid female athlete Sharapova received a suspension of about a year because of her use of PED, she still owns some sponsorships and aids, and her net worth is about $125 million a year. Sharapova’ reputation might be untarnished because of her play to the public. Zach states that the behaviors like Sharapova’s will cause a negative effect to the society and we need to find a way to solve this problem. The article would be great to many of the readers and highly recommend it to be published in the Shorthorn because first of all, this article is coherent

Mr. Sun Free Essays

Module Code: PM002 Class/Group: Group C Module Title: Research Design and Critique Assessment: Full Research Proposal Assignment Title: An investigation into the factors that influence the Glaswegian public’s choice of car. Student ID Number: 2059626 Date of Submission: November 29th, 2012 An investigation into the factors that influence the Glaswegian public’s choice of car. Rationale The number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles all the world in 2010, which is 20 times more than this number in 1986(Sousanis, John,2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Sun or any similar topic only for you Order Now Car plays a indispensable role in today’s society, according to a survey from World Bank(2011), the number of ownership of motor vehicles per 1,000 people is more than 500 in most of developing countries, especially for Monaco, the number was 908(World Bank Data,2009). Although cars have become more and more commonplace, but the cars are still expensive commodity, also there is no doubt that the final decisions are usually made after careful consideration when people purchasing a car(Kathuria, Singla,2012). At the same time, as the vehicle types supplied to be chosen by consumers have become more and more various. When consumer facing with abundant of choices, they become more and more confused and irresolute. With the segmentation of automobile market, the factors that affect the public’ car choices are more and more diversified. According to Couton et al. (2006), various studies have applied hedonic price modeling to show that price variation among new cars can be explained by differences in key product characteristics such as horsepower, engine capacity, speed, and safety features. However, these measurable variables may not be the main explanatory factors which will influence the choice of consumers. Based on the above mentioned content, this research will focus on the decisive factors which will impact the public’s final choice of car, especially in the Glasgow area due to investigations and studies in the field will be carried out and conducted in this city. Its results would probably benefit to car dealers and consumers. Especially for car manufacturers, they can according to consumer preferences to redesign and improve vehicles to gain better market performance. 1. What are the choices the public have when buying a car? 2. What are the main factors influencing public’s choices? . What variables affect these factors? Annotate Bibliography Banerjee,S. (2010) ,Study on Consumer Buying Behavior During Purchase of a Second Car , Journal of Marketing Communication ,6 (2),4-13. This essay describes that for different types of automobiles, the main factors affect consumer’s purchase is slightly different in choosing a particular brand is always based on the diff erent set of consumers towards various preference parameter. For different market segments of vehicle, dimensions are different. A successful car brand has had to accept and adopt these dimensions. In addition, the author also pointed out that there are many common factors influence the public’s choice between consumers to buying a second car and purchasing the first one, but there are some obvious differences between them. For example, functional level factor such as car efficacy and usefulness are main concerns for second car buyers. Moreover, this article also mentioned that a high level of investment in advertising and promotional activities may not be able to guarantee a high percentage of repeat purchase. However, a long-term stable customer relationship will probably increase the probability of second time purchase. This journal is effectively to analysis interrelationship between consumer’s first car and second car, and common facts which seem to influence the public’s purchase behavior. The survey uses a probability sampling approach conducted with the passenger car owners in India with 525 samples. However, in this article, the author does not mention the relationship and importance between satisfaction of customers on the second-hand value of the first car and loyalty for choosing the second-hand car, because a high level of satisfaction, may bring referral and repeat purchase. Randol E. Bucklin, S. Siddarth, Jorge M. Silva-Risso,(2008), â€Å"Distribution Intensity and New Car Choice†,JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH, Vol. XLV, 473-496. This journal demonstrate that the relationship between 4S shops distribution intensity of cars and brand new car buyers’ choices in the U. S. automobile market. Different from price, effect of advertising, promotional activities and other factors, distribution intensity changes relatively slow, but the distribution intensity will be affected some variables, thereby might affect decisions of consumers buying cars. Additionally, this article used information on the U. S car sales transactions gave by the Power Information Network, which included the accurate geographic locations of consumers and dealers. Non-probability sampling method was used in 55 4S shops as a samples. Dealer accessibility, dealer concentration and dealer spread would determine distribution intensity and then will largely affect the choice of the people for the car brands. This journal is relevant to the topic of this research, firstly it provides information about what factors will influence the public’s choice of car, secondly it shows how the three main variables influence the distribution intensity of each brand, so that influence the public’s choice of car. However, this study focuses on only the distribution intensity about car dealers, makes no attempt to differentiate between various different types of car, and the conclusion might not suitable for the niche car brands. Beside this, the author might overlook the fact that distribution intensity ontributes to high-end car brands. Dharmaraj,C. , Clement,S. J. ,(2010). Brand Preference Factors of Passenger Cars: An Empirical Assessment, Indiana University Press, The IUP Journal of Brand Management, 7(3),19-33. This article mainly analyzes the factors which will influence consumer’s automotive brand preference. According to the author’s study, performance of passenger ca rs are considered as the most important factor which might dominate consumer’s preference, especially for male consumers, but economic abilities are the bases of the preference. In addition, the marketing communication strategy of a car will also largely affect the overall decisions of consumers. In conclusion, the comprehensive strength of a car, such as safety factor, industrial design, stability, scientific and technological content, durability, daily use cost, re-sale value , fuel consumption, comforts and so on, each of them is factor influence people ‘s preference and choice of car. This study is highly relevant to the topic of this research and demonstrates most of factors that will influent consumer purchase preference comprehensively and systematically. Although this survey collected data using questionnaires from 712 car buyers/owners by simple random sampling, there is not any variables about the respondents are addressed. In addition, the author offers no explanation for the distinction between Indian car market and developed countries’ market, the simple random sampling method was conducted in a midsize Indian city. Therefore, it is slightly possible that the survey result might not apply for city of Glasgow. Baltas,G. , Saridakis,G. 2009),†Brand-name effects, segment differences, and product characteristics: an integrated model of the car market†, Journal of Product Brand Management, 18(2), 143 –-151. This article discusses that price of car is a main factor influence the public’s choice, and the price structure of new car market is determined by automobile characteristics, brand effects, and segment differences. A hedonic price experimental model is designed and implemented that includes brand -name heterogeneity and functional characteristics. In addition, another extensive dataset model is applied to support the brand effects and hypotheses of segment differences. According to these two models, in mainstream car market, the functional characteristics determines automobile prices largely , however in high-end car market, incremental value is added to a car because its brand value , so the connotation of the brand value decide the price of prestige brands cars in large extent. The findings of this article include relevant information to this research. Firstly, it is a great probability that price of car is one of key facts which influence the public’s choice. This article demonstrates that there are at least three reasons determine the structure of automobile prices, and analyzes the variables and decisive factors of prices in mainstream segments and high-end segments respectively. However, the research focuses on many of the variables affecting the price of car and does not take into account other factors such as the industrial design of a car and the impact of marketing strategies. At the same time, mentioned in the text, the implicit brand value will affect car prices, thereby affecting consumer’s choice, but it is possible that the brand price is difficult to be quantified accurately. Kathuria,L. M. , Singla,V. ,(2012) Purchase of Pre-Owned Small Cars in India: An Exploratory Study, The IUP Journal of Marketing Management, 11(2),63-75. This study highlights that the main factors impacting the buying choice of second hand small vehicle were purchasing power constraint, high cost-effective, improve driving skills, desire for car , high resale price, good quality of after-sales service, brand public praise and easy to maintenance. Additionally, families who want to buy new four-wheelers to replace old two-wheelers should be seen as a new market segment might be targeted for selling cars. This article contributes to understand different and similar factors between people buying a new small car and pre-owned car. Nevertheless, the article was just focus on small vehicle with a specification requirements of length? 4 meters and with an engine displacement? 1,500 cubic centimeters (cc) for diesel and petrol, therefore, the universality of the research results might have certain limitations. Methodology As can be seen from previous studies and related sources, the factors affecting people’s choice can be divided into two parts to analysis respectively. The one part is factors that influence people to buy a new car and the other is factors that influence people to choose a used car. Moreover, the new car dealers and used car markets are also often separated. Therefore, an explanatory study to illustrate the relationship between the consumer preferences and purchase factors by using a quantitative method is essential. In addition , the relationship between these two parts, as well as the positive and negative effects of factors of two parts would be explored with exploratory study concluded by a qualitative method. In modern societies, the number of car owners is very numerous, so within a short period of time to collect the data information from a large population base which is very important and not very easy. Although a case study strategy could be used to explore a contemporary phenomenon in its real life context, but it may take more time and lack breadth which makes it hard to generalize results (Saunders et al. 2009: 141-154). Beside this, survey data usually comes from standardizing academic investigating behaviors and tools, so that might make results more authoritative and reliable. Therefore, survey is a suitable research strategy for this research. According to Bryman (2012) points out that â€Å"quantitative research may sometimes be untrusted because the data can be artificial and spurious†. Because of there is a very numerous number of car owners, so a non-probability sampling would be used in this research. As here are almost 700,000 people who lived in the city of Glasgow, that means the sample size might bigger, a questionnaire is a data collection technique in which each person responds to the same set of questions, so questionnaire is more suitable for this research. Although the non-standardised interviews as a method is good for demonstrating the reasons for the decisions and attitudes of research participants (Saunders et al. 2009, 361), it would take too much time, also human and material resources. Ethic issues are defined as a situation or problem that needs people or organization to make a choice between options that must be evaluated as wrong (unethical) or right (ethical)(Business Dictionary,2012). According to the British Sociological Association(2004:2), the social research projects are designed and conducted, ethical issues are necessary to be taken into consideration. In this research, the non-maleficence which contains physical and indirect harm is the cornerstone of all the ethical issues in the research (Saunders, el at. 2007: 181). In addition, the violation personal privacy and the protection of confidentiality may be the potential ethical issues. Maximum extent to avoid the occurrence of these ethical concerns, before the implementation of the access section of research, questionnaire participants will be informed: firstly,the purpose of this research, their participation is valuable, the results of the research may contribute to R D and sales of new cars so that they can have a more suitable vehicle and a better car user experience; Secondly, respondents participate in this research follow the principles of voluntary and informed consent, whenever and wherever they can withdraw(Saunders et al, 2009:193); Thirdly, participants do not have to worry about their personal information will be faced with rick of leakage, because the questionnaire are anonymous. In addition, as car is a expensive commodity, questions on questionnaire about personal income and household economic situation of participants should be avoided, so as not to violate their privacy. Beside this, most of purchase of cars are family behavior, taking into account the special circumstances of some families, such as divorce, therefore the marriage status should avoid being asked, so as not to cause discomfort of participants. As Golafshani(2003:598) points out that the reliability is to ensure the consistency of research data collection and analysis. The risk of collecting data may do harmful to research reliability mainly relies on participants. According to Bell(2010:151), participants may finish the questionnaires inaccurately because of many reasons such as bad mood or time limited. If the participants are too excited or in a hurry, there is a small possibility that they fill the questionnaire patiently that would result in the data lacking of reliability, thereby affecting the consistency of collecting data. To solve this problem, use of internet-mediated questionnaires may be more effective, because of the respondents could complete the online questionnaire whenever and wherever they would like. The length of the questionnaire and the use of professional vocabulary may also are potential factors which may influence the research reliability. Advice from Bellk(2006:325), questionnaire is designed no more than two pages may contribute to increasing the quality and completeness. In addition, there are many specialized vocabulary in automotive sector, such as turbocharged and dual-rotor engine, that would confused participants. Therefore, common and usual words should be used as far as possible. According to cook and campbell(1979), the validity is defined as â€Å"best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion†. Firstly, The non-probability sampling will be applied in this research, due to the characteristics of this method, the non-probability sampling will cause a certain threat to validity. Moreover, in the process of collecting data, there is possibility that the instrumentation may change so that influencing the results of this research. Word Count: 2278. References: Andersson, H. (2005), â€Å"The value of safety as revealed in the Swedish car market: an application of the hedonic pricing approach†, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 211-39. Baltas,G. , Saridakis,C. (2009), Brand-name effects, segment differences, and product characteristics: an integrated model of the car market, Journal of Product Brand Management, 18(2),pp. 143 –-151. Belk,R. (2006), Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods. Northampton: Edward Elgar. pp. 322. Bell, J. (2010). Doing your research project, 5th edition. Berkshire: Open University Press. pp. 148-152. British Sociological Association,(2004), Statement of Ethical Practice for the Sociological Association. pp. 2-7. Bryman,A. , (2012). Social Research Method, Fourth Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press Business Dictionary, Ethical Issue, Retrieved 21 November 2012 from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/ethical-issue. html Couton,C. , Gardes,F. And Thepaut,Y. (1996),Hedonic prices for environmental and safety characteristics and the Akerlof effect in the French car market. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 3, pp. 435-40. Dharmaraj,C. , Sudhahar, C. J. ,(2010). Brand Preference Factors of Passenger Cars: An Empirical Assessment, Indiana University Press, The IUP Journal of Brand Management, 7(3),pp. 19-33. Golafshani,H. (2003),Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research,The Qualitative Report, 8(4). PP. 597-607. http://www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani. pdf Kathuria,L. M. , Singla,V. ,(2012) Purchase of Pre-Owned Small Cars in India: An Exploratory Study, The IUP Journal of Marketing Management. 11(2). pp. 63-75. Reis, H. J. , Silva,S. ,and J. M. C. (2006), Hedonic price indices for new passenger cars in Portugal (1997-2001), Economic Modelling, Vol. 23, pp. 890-908. Randol,E. , Bucklin,S. , and Siddarth, Jorge M. Silva-Risso,(2008), Distribution Intensity and New Car Choice, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 45(3), pp. 473-496. Saunders,M. , Lewis,P. , and Thornhill,A. (2009), Research Methods for Business Students. Fifth Edition. Essex: Prentice Hall. Sousanis, and John,(2011), World Vehicle Population Tops 1 Billion Units, Wards Auto. Retrieved 17 Nov. 2012,From http://wardsauto. com/ar/world_vehicle_population_110815 Banerjee, S. (2010) ,â€Å"Study on Consumer Buying Behavior During Purchase of a Second Car† , Journal of Marketing Communication ,6 (2),pp. 4-13. White, R. (2004), How people buy cars, Admap, February, pp. 15-17. White, R. (2006), Advertising cars, Admap, July/August, pp. 14-15. How to cite Mr. Sun, Papers

Police Subculture free essay sample

Will be writing my research paper on police subculture and how the affects of police subculture impact the body of the law and how it relates to crime. Police subculture is an array of standard procedures and values that rule law enforcers activates in relation to their contractual responsibilities. Police officers were ranked the fifth most stressful job in the world. Since police work is very stressful, police officers have to deal with many hostile individuals in the public and therefore they need to defined styles to handle these unique scenarios. What I will be talking about in my paper is since Alice subculture is so different such as their values, and beliefs police share which sets them apart from other members of society. Overall will be talking about the beliefs Of police subculture psychological cause Of police subculture, changing police subculture and how police subculture affects our society. Police officers are people the society normally looks up to as epitomes of discipline and protectors of law and order; however police behavior in recent years has been anything but flawless with that being said there is a rise in the resentment and distrust in the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The public no longer trusts or respects Alice officers imposing all sorts of changes against them. Police behavior is indeed hateful in some cases especially where minorities or women are concerned. When we dig deeper into the anthropological and psychological cause of this kind of behavior, we notice that police are influenced by a flawed subculture that profound affects the attitude and behavior of most police officers.With that being said this subculture teaches them certain values and beliefs and on the other, it turns the entire police community into a cohesive group meaning causing cohesion that is essentially alienated from the mineral public. According to Adler, Mueller, and Loafer (1994) police subculture is a set of norms and values that govern police behavior, brought about by stressful working conditions plus daily interaction with an often hostile public. Police subculture is responsible for giving offers a unique working attitude and mindset.Their character and personality is profoundly altered by the vies and values that they learn from existing in this subculture. The one most important thing we notice about this subculture is the idea of insiders and outsiders that lies at the core of all its values. Police officers are constantly reminded of their role as protectors of peace and order which turns them against the general public as they view everyone outside the police department as a potential criminal or suspect.Police subculture is also essentially characterized by violence as researched indicates that, Many officers are exposed to a subculture of violence in which they encounter death almost daily. The aver age citizen generally does not witness in a lifetime the amount of death and violence a police officer experiences in one month. (violent, 1995) Dry. James Fee, a very well known figure in the world of law education and law enforcement intensified some key issues regarding police sodbuster during a police conference in April 1992.He believed that characteristics of the police subculture may be responsible for some of the apparent increase in the frequency of police complaints. He stated that many police officers feel they are soldiers in the war on crime. Fee said that this is a war they cannot win, and the realization of this leads to frustration and anger. (Eric Jackson 992) Police officers are severely affected by the values that this subculture remotes and endorses. For instance, police officers are usually alienated from the general society which puts them at a greater risk of being vulnerable to police subculture. This is because they are regularly reminded of the insider/outsider principle meaning giving rise to certain degree of separation from the public. This separation starts expanding with the passage of time until police officers cannot longer relate to the Common society this results in deeper association with police subculture, which ultimately shapes their perspective on others. Another reason they cannot relate to the public is cause of the accusations that are imposed against them.The public usually treats then with disgust and disrespect, holding them responsible for corruption and plagues police departments and for general lawlessness in the society. FRR this reason, police officers seeks validation from other police personnel, which makes the inner subculture more effective and powerful. (Christopher Cooper,2000) Violent(1995) explains: The roots of frustration emanate from the central irony of American policing: Society charges police officers with the task of regulation a pub lic that does not want to be regulated.For individual officers, the resulting frustration is exacerbated by a largely unsympathetic press, a lack of community support, and a criminal justice system that values equity over expediency. A sense of societal isolation often ensues, compelling officers to together in a defensive stance. While this occupational subculture should have been a source of inspiration, it is actually despised by many including some police officers themselves alter they realize how it damaged their vision and personality. Most police officers are racial biased as recent incidents of police brutality indicate.This is because of women and minorities are seen as weaker groups and when they refused to obey police commands, police officers see it as a direct attack on their authority. This attitude has given rise to some serious cause of police brutality against citizens and one such case was that of Thomas Jones of Philadelphia. Commenting on this case, a former U. S Marine and police officer Chi roisterer Cooper (2000) linked these kind of cases to police subculture saying Sadly, in our early tenure as cops, we instructed on the code of the police subculture. These are norms that are almost always reverse. Two such norms were operable in the Jones mob attack. The first was if a citizen runs from one of us, we are to beat him severely. Another is that if a citizen physically hurts one of use, we are to hurt that citizen even more before we bring him to the station. And if that citizen has killed a cop, he shouldnt make it to the station alive. The march-ism that characterizes police culture is also responsible for cases of domestic violence where police officers were charged for hitting their wives and using force to extract obedience.This is indeed a highly disturbing tuition, chic is posing serious threat that happiness of households where one spouse is in the police department. It has been noticed that when many police officers are domestic abusers even though they may not define their behavior in these terms. Apart from women and minorities, gay men also face serious prejudice especially if they join the police force. Chairman(1997) writes: As with women, gay men are presumed to lack such manly attributes as courage, bravery, and loyalty. And like women, when they demonstrate courage and competence, they threaten the notion that Only manly men can do police work.